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“The researchers started by observing the behavior of ants individually and as a collective group. The researchers recorded all of the ants’ movements and, based on these observations, found that the seemingly random changes in the direction of the insects follow a mathematical pattern. “They are a mixture of Gaussian and Pareto distributions, two probability functions which are commonly used in statistics, and that in this case dictate how much the ant ‘turns’ at each step and the direction it will travel in,” says European University in Madrid researcher Maria Vela Perez.”